ELEMENTLE

Element 34 · Nonmetal

Selenium

Period 4 · Group 16

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.

Three reasons Selenium stands out

  1. 1

    Used in solar panels and shampoos.

  2. 2

    It is an essential trace nutrient for humans, but the margin between a beneficial and a toxic dose is very narrow.

  3. 3

    Brazil nuts are extraordinarily rich in it — just one nut can exceed the recommended daily intake.

The element that turns light into electricity

Selenium’s electrical conductivity increases under illumination, a response used in early photocopiers and light meters. Tiny amounts are nutritionally essential because selenium-containing enzymes protect cells. The safe range is narrow, however, and both deficiency and excess can cause harm.

Recognizing Selenium in Elementle

If Selenium is the mystery element, guesses below atomic number 34 point up and guesses above it point down. Its symbol is Se: a green letter matches the same position in that symbol, while a yellow letter belongs in another position.

The family clue turns green for nonmetal guesses. Compare Sulfur (S), number 16 and Phosphorus (P), number 15: they share the family clue, but their atomic numbers and symbols help you tell them apart.

Learn how to read the clues or play the daily element guessing game.

Selenium at a glance
Atomic number / protons34
SymbolSe
Family (Elementle)Nonmetal
Classification (PubChem)Nonmetal
Period4
Group16
Atomic mass (u)78.97
Standard stateSolid
Electron configuration[Ar]4s2 3d10 4p4
Reported oxidation states+6, +4, -2
Electronegativity (Pauling)2.55
Atomic radius (pm)190
First ionization energy (eV)9.752
Electron affinity (eV)2.021
Density (g/cm³)4.809
Melting point493.65 K (220.5 °C)
Boiling point958 K (684.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1817

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Selenium · Selenium on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.