ELEMENTLE

Element 30 · Transition Metal

Zinc

Period 4 · Group 12

Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.

Three reasons Zinc stands out

  1. 1

    Used to coat iron to prevent rusting.

  2. 2

    Its oxide is the active ingredient in many mineral sunscreens that block UV radiation.

  3. 3

    It is an essential mineral for immune function, and deficiency affects an estimated two billion people worldwide.

Sacrificial metal and biological necessity

Zinc protects steel by corroding in its place, a process called galvanization. The body uses zinc ions in hundreds of proteins, including enzymes and DNA-binding structures. Brass combines zinc with copper, while zinc oxide lends ultraviolet protection to sunscreens and rubber products.

Zinc at a glance
Atomic number / protons30
SymbolZn
Family (Elementle)Transition Metal
Classification (PubChem)Transition metal
Period4
Group12
Atomic mass (u)65.4
Standard stateSolid
Electron configuration[Ar]4s2 3d10
Reported oxidation states+2
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.65
Atomic radius (pm)139
First ionization energy (eV)9.394
Electron affinity (eV)Not available
Density (g/cm³)7.134
Melting point692.68 K (419.53 °C)
Boiling point1180 K (906.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1746

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Zinc · Zinc on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.