ELEMENTLE

Element 65 · Lanthanide

Terbium

Period 6

Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.

Three reasons Terbium stands out

  1. 1

    Used as green phosphor in TVs.

  2. 2

    It is used in an alloy that physically changes shape when placed in a magnetic field, enabling precision actuators and sonar.

  3. 3

    Its green fluorescence is used in the security inks printed on banknotes to prevent counterfeiting.

Green light from a difficult-to-separate metal

Terbium compounds produce vivid green emission in displays, lamps, and anti-counterfeiting marks. The element also joins alloys that change shape in a magnetic field, converting magnetism into precise motion. Like its lanthanide neighbors, terbium was difficult to identify because their chemical behavior is so similar.

Terbium at a glance
Atomic number / protons65
SymbolTb
Family (Elementle)Lanthanide
Classification (PubChem)Lanthanide
Period6
GroupLanthanide / actinide series
Atomic mass (u)158.92535
Standard stateSolid
Electron configuration[Xe]6s2 4f9
Reported oxidation states+3
Electronegativity (Pauling)Not available
Atomic radius (pm)221
First ionization energy (eV)5.864
Electron affinity (eV)Not available
Density (g/cm³)8.23
Melting point1629 K (1,355.85 °C)
Boiling point3503 K (3,229.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1843

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Terbium · Terbium on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.