ELEMENTLE

Element 60 · Lanthanide

Neodymium

Period 6

Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.

Three reasons Neodymium stands out

  1. 1

    Found in strong permanent magnets used in headphones and motors.

  2. 2

    Magnets made with this element are so powerful that small ones can pinch skin hard enough to draw blood.

  3. 3

    It is used in high-powered lasers for nuclear fusion research experiments.

The magnet inside modern motion

Neodymium-iron-boron magnets pack extraordinary magnetic strength into small volumes. They sit inside headphones, hard drives, wind turbines, and electric-vehicle motors. Pure neodymium tarnishes quickly, so the useful magnet is a carefully engineered alloy with coatings that protect it from corrosion.

Recognizing Neodymium in Elementle

If Neodymium is the mystery element, guesses below atomic number 60 point up and guesses above it point down. Its symbol is Nd: a green letter matches the same position in that symbol, while a yellow letter belongs in another position.

The family clue turns green for lanthanide guesses. Compare Praseodymium (Pr), number 59 and Promethium (Pm), number 61: they share the family clue, but their atomic numbers and symbols help you tell them apart.

Learn how to read the clues or play the daily element guessing game.

Neodymium at a glance
Atomic number / protons60
SymbolNd
Family (Elementle)Lanthanide
Classification (PubChem)Lanthanide
Period6
GroupLanthanide / actinide series
Atomic mass (u)144.24
Standard stateSolid
Electron configuration[Xe]6s2 4f4
Reported oxidation states+3
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.14
Atomic radius (pm)229
First ionization energy (eV)5.525
Electron affinity (eV)Not available
Density (g/cm³)7.01
Melting point1294 K (1,020.85 °C)
Boiling point3347 K (3,073.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1885

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Neodymium · Neodymium on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.