ELEMENTLE

Element 60 · Lanthanide

Neodymium

Period 6

Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.

Three reasons Neodymium stands out

  1. 1

    Found in strong permanent magnets used in headphones and motors.

  2. 2

    Magnets made with this element are so powerful that small ones can pinch skin hard enough to draw blood.

  3. 3

    It is used in high-powered lasers for nuclear fusion research experiments.

The magnet inside modern motion

Neodymium-iron-boron magnets pack extraordinary magnetic strength into small volumes. They sit inside headphones, hard drives, wind turbines, and electric-vehicle motors. Pure neodymium tarnishes quickly, so the useful magnet is a carefully engineered alloy with coatings that protect it from corrosion.

Neodymium at a glance
Atomic number / protons60
SymbolNd
Family (Elementle)Lanthanide
Classification (PubChem)Lanthanide
Period6
GroupLanthanide / actinide series
Atomic mass (u)144.24
Standard stateSolid
Electron configuration[Xe]6s2 4f4
Reported oxidation states+3
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.14
Atomic radius (pm)229
First ionization energy (eV)5.525
Electron affinity (eV)Not available
Density (g/cm³)7.01
Melting point1294 K (1,020.85 °C)
Boiling point3347 K (3,073.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1885

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Neodymium · Neodymium on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.