ELEMENTLE

Element 24 · Transition Metal

Chromium

Period 4 · Group 6

Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point.

Three reasons Chromium stands out

  1. 1

    Often seen in the shiny finish of cars.

  2. 2

    It is the element that makes stainless steel stainless, by forming a self-repairing protective oxide layer.

  3. 3

    The vivid red colour of rubies is caused by trace amounts of this element inside the gemstone.

A protective shine only atoms thick

Chromium gives stainless steel its defining resistance to rust. Oxygen creates a transparent chromium-rich film that seals scratches almost as soon as they appear. Chromium compounds also span vivid pigments and industrial hazards: the trivalent form is far less dangerous than strongly oxidizing hexavalent chromium.

Chromium at a glance
Atomic number / protons24
SymbolCr
Family (Elementle)Transition Metal
Classification (PubChem)Transition metal
Period4
Group6
Atomic mass (u)51.996
Standard stateSolid
Electron configuration[Ar]3d5 4s1
Reported oxidation states+6, +3, +2
Electronegativity (Pauling)1.66
Atomic radius (pm)189
First ionization energy (eV)6.767
Electron affinity (eV)0.666
Density (g/cm³)7.15
Melting point2180 K (1,906.85 °C)
Boiling point2944 K (2,670.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1797

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Chromium · Chromium on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.