ELEMENTLE

Element 18 · Noble Gas

Argon

Period 3 · Group 18

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon (18 ppmv).

Three reasons Argon stands out

  1. 1

    Used in light bulbs and welding.

  2. 2

    It makes up about 1% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant noble gas we breathe.

  3. 3

    Sealed cases filled with this gas are used to preserve ancient documents like the Magna Carta.

An unnoticed blanket around the planet

Argon makes up almost one percent of the atmosphere, more than carbon dioxide, yet it went unrecognized because it reacts so little. Its chemical quietness creates protective atmospheres for welding, metal production, and sensitive experiments. In lamps, electrical excitation gives argon a violet-blue glow.

Argon at a glance
Atomic number / protons18
SymbolAr
Family (Elementle)Noble Gas
Classification (PubChem)Noble gas
Period3
Group18
Atomic mass (u)39.9
Standard stateGas
Electron configuration[Ne]3s2 3p6
Reported oxidation states0
Electronegativity (Pauling)Not available
Atomic radius (pm)188
First ionization energy (eV)15.760
Electron affinity (eV)Not available
Density (g/cm³)0.0017837
Melting point83.8 K (-189.35 °C)
Boiling point87.3 K (-185.85 °C)
Discovery (PubChem)1894

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Argon · Argon on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.