ELEMENTLE

Element 111 · Transition Metal

Roentgenium

Period 7 · Group 11

Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany.

Three reasons Roentgenium stands out

  1. 1

    Named after German physicist who discovered X-rays.

  2. 2

    It was first synthesised in 1994 by bombarding bismuth with nickel nuclei in a heavy-ion accelerator.

  3. 3

    Its most stable known isotope has a half-life of only about 26 seconds.

X-rays remembered in a superheavy nucleus

Roentgenium honors Wilhelm Röntgen, discoverer of X-rays. It sits beneath gold in group 11, but no macroscopic sample exists to display a golden color or metallic surface. Calculations suggest relativistic electron behavior may give it properties unlike a straightforward heavier gold atom.

Roentgenium at a glance
Atomic number / protons111
SymbolRg
Family (Elementle)Transition Metal
Classification (PubChem)Transition metal
Period7
Group11
Atomic mass (u)282.169
Standard stateBulk state not experimentally established
Electron configuration[Rn]7s2 5f14 6d9 (predicted)
Reported oxidation states5, 3, 1, -1
Electronegativity (Pauling)Not available
Atomic radius (pm)Not available
First ionization energy (eV)Not available
Electron affinity (eV)Not available
Density (g/cm³)Not available
Melting pointNot available
Boiling pointNot available
Discovery (PubChem)1994

Values are reference data, not a specification for every temperature, pressure, or allotrope. Unknown properties are left unavailable. Superheavy-element predictions remain uncertain.

Sources & further reading

PubChem: Roentgenium · Roentgenium on Wikipedia

The introduction and original editorial story are adapted from Wikipedia contributors via Periodic-Table-JSON. Element descriptions and their adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 3.0. Numerical attributes use the PubChem periodic-table dataset, retrieved September 22, 2026.